The introduced fungal pathogen phloeospora mimosaepigrae and. Both agents, based on 1990s surveys were believed to have failed. Integrated weed management could we be doing better. Mimosa pigra will establish in a range of soil types and is found in moist situations such as floodplains and river banks.
Mimosa greatly reduces biodiversity braithwaite et al. Pdf biological control of mimosa pigra and its role in 21st century mimosa management on chanthy academia. Preliminary studies on control of mimosa pigra in vietnam pdf 87 kb the prospect of biological control of mimosa pigra with fungal pathogens in australia pdf 82 kb evaluation of seedfeeding bruchids, acanthoscelides species, as biological control agents for mimosa pigra in thailand pdf 90 kb agents for biological control of mimosa. This study assessed the impact of carmenta mimosa, a stem.
Mimosa pigra department of agriculture and fisheries. Such inconsistencies have made project management difficult. Per12926 allows the use of metsulfuron for control of mimosa pigra. Over the last 19 years, 11 insect and 2 fungal species have been released as biological control agents against mimosa. Lmg 23256 t was isolated from a nodule recovered from the roots of the m. Paucity of specialist insect herbivores in mimosa s introduced range wilson et al. A risk assessment of mimosa pigra for hawaii and other pacific islands was. Three of these, the insects neurostrota gunniella, malacorhinus irregularis and coelocephalapion pigrae, were released in queensland in 2006 but failed to establish.
A biological control project in australia against m. Despite heavy damage from released and established agents that feed on the stems, flowers and seeds, more control is. With the aim of protecting wetlands from invasive weeds, this contribution uses the woody shrub mimosa pigra l. Development of case studies on the economic impacts of. Biological control of mimosa pigra and integration with other control. Testing the effects on mimosa pigra of a biological control agent neurostrota gunniella lepidoptera. Galerucini, from mexico is identified as a potential biological control agent for mimosa pigra l. Biological control carmenta mimosa a moth that suppresses mimosa pigra growth by burrowing through its stemswas carefully released into standing mimosa pigra stems in lochinvar national parks vast wetlands, where a successfully established moth population guarantees a sustainable measure of control.
Current status of mimosa pigra l universiti sains malaysia. Biological control agents are observed on mimosa pigra six. The introduced fungal pathogen phloeospora mimosaepigrae. This can be done in various ways, including abrading the seed coat being careful not to damage the embryo. Evaluating the impact of a biological control agent carmenta. In australia, biological control is a promising long. Gracillaridae, plant competition and fungi under field conditions. Both agents, based on 1990s surveys were believed to have failed to establish. Lmg 23256 t is highly effective at fixing nitrogen with m. In the 1950s it was found on the floodplains of the adelaide river and now covers more than 140.
Mimosa pigra hereafter mimosa is a woody perennial shrub with a deep tap root and can grow to 6 m tall. Female sex pheromone secreted by carmenta mimosa lepidoptera. Weed management plan for mimosa mimosa pigra 1 executive summary this weed management plan forms part of a strategic approach to mimosa mimosa pigra management in the nt, with the overall aim being to mitigate the damage caused by mimosa in relation to the natural environment, the territory economy and social and cultural land uses. Sesiidae, a biol ogical control agent for an invasive weed in vietnam le van vang,1 chau nguyen quoc khanh,1 hiroshi shibasaki,2 and tetsu ando2. This work is part of the northern territory government csiro joint project biological control of mimosa pigra and integration with other control options, funded by the commonwealth governments natural heritage trust. Information about biological, physical and chemical control of. The adverse impacts of weeds on natural ecosystems, together with the inadequate outcomes from treating weeds as a symptom, have escalated interest in finding efficacious control methods. Management and information links for mimosa pigra issg database. Hanoi, national institute for plant protection, vn biological control research center. Heard,1 ryan zonneveld,1 ricardo segura2 and moises martinez2 summary the search for biological control agents for mimosa pigra, a serious weed in northern australia, has continued since 1979. Both distribution and abundance of the most damaging agent, the stem.
For more information, go to the australian governments department of. Class a except in areas where it is classified as class b. Biology and host range of the greenseed weevil, sibinia fastigiata, for biological control of mimosa pigra. It was most likely introduced to the darwin botanic gardens in the late 1800s as an ornamental plant. Pdf integrated management of mimosa pigra researchgate. Biological control agents are observed on mimosa pigra six and 12 years after their release in. Curculionidae were studied to assess its safety for release in australia as a biological control agent of the weed mimosa pigra l. Also included is a study into the integration of non biological control methods with biological control.
Burkholderia mimosarum strain lmg 23256 t is an aerobic, motile, gramnegative, nonsporeforming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of mimosa pigra giant sensitive plant. However, recent dates surveys have shown that both agents did in fact establish and are now having an effect on mimosa. Mature sections yellowhaired seeds making up the long brown fruit 6 8 in. Crawley 1school of biological sciences, universiti sains malaysia, 11800 usm pulau pinang. The life cycles and current status of the biological control agents which have been released into australia for the control of m. Mimosa pigra, commonly known as the giant sensitive tree, pigra lazy, slow, is a species of the genus mimosa, in the family fabaceae. No species were endophagous on flowers, fruit, seeds, or leaves. Biology and host range of the greenseed weevil, sibinia. Testing the effects on mimosa pigra of a biological control.
Establishment, distribution and abundance of mimosa pigra. Major efforts in both integrated management paynter and flanagan, 2004 and biological control heard and paynter, 2009 have helped to ameliorate the m. Biological control of mimosa department of environment. Evaluating the impact of a biological control agent. Three insect species have established in thailand and 1 in malaysia. Evaluating the impact of biological control against mimosa. Here, mimosa is regarded as their most important biological threat, being capable of transforming speciesrich tropical. The prospect of biological control of mimosa pigra with. Phytophagous insect fauna of the introduced shrub mimosa. Biological control agents are observed on mimosa pigra six and 12 years after their release in the northern territory, australia. If possible, anyone finding suspected mimosa pigra should immediately take steps to minimise the risk of it spreading. This plant is not particularly hardy and will only overwinter in u.
Information about biological, physical and chemical control of mimosa pigra. Sprawling, often thicketforming shrub to 6 m 20 ft tall, with hairy stems bearing numerous recurved prickles to 7 mm 0. Integrating herbicide and mechanical control treatments with. It is native to tropical america and blooms from spring to summer wunderlin, 2003. It threatens biological diversity by replacing wetlands with an. Biological control of mimosa pigra and integration with other. Photograph courtesy of the usda aphis ppq archive, mimosa pigra catclaw mimosa the inflorescence is a spherical head of tiny flowers that may be pinkishwhite, pink or mauvelilac in color. Papers presented at the 3rd international symposium, held in darwin, n. Class a except in areas where it is classified as class b mimosa has a statutory weed management plan pdf 2. Proceedings of the x international symposium on biological control of weeds session 3 abstracts 243 414 july 1999, montana state university, bozeman, montana, usa neal r. Mimosa pigra is rarely found growing in wet, disturbed sites in highlands, okeechobee, martin, broward and palm beach counties.
Gisbased habitat model to predict potential areas for the. Proceedings of the xi international symposium on biological. Ecological studies to optimise the integrated management. Weeds australia weeds of national significance mimosa. Control all suspected sightings of mimosa pigra must be reported to biosecurity queensland. The experiment to investigate the integration of control methods has been completed. Biological control of mimosa pigra and integration with. The prospect of biological control of mimosa pigra with fungal pathogens in australia. The adults feed on leaves of the host, and the larvae develop on seedlings, roots, and perhaps other plant parts. Biological control of mimosa pigra and its role in 21st century mimosa management. Controlling invasion of the exotic shrub mimosa pigra.
The objective of this trial is to develop a sustainable management strategy for mimosa, in which biological control is incorporated with other control options. The stems are branched, 1 6 metres long, with dense growth. Mimosaceae poses a tremendous threat to agriculture, the conservation of wetlands and land use practices of the aboriginal people of australia braithwaite et al. Malacorhinus irregularis for biological control of mimosa. Aspects of the biology and host range of sibinia fastigiata clark coleoptera. Mimosa pigra ufifas center for aquatic and invasive plants. Reasons for the possible success of this species on m. Other management techniques, including herbicides and fire, can be ineffective and their impact on biological control agents is unknown. Mimosa is a thorny shrub which invades floodplains and wetlands and is established in the.
The impact of biological control on the woody weed, mimosa pigra was investigated by comparing litterfall in 20012003 with a previous study performed at the same site, in 19841986, before. This paper describes surveys conducted between 1997 and 2004, for eight of these biological control agents. A program to find safe and effective biological control agents for m. It is native to the neotropics, but has been listed as one of the worlds 100 worst invasive species and forms dense, thorny, impenetrable thickets, particularly in wet areas the genus mimosa mimosaceae contains 400450 species, which are mostly native to. So far, agents insects and fungi have been released. Lessons from controlling the invasive wetland shrub, mimosa pigra quentin paynter1 and grant j. A suite of established biocontrol agents have been introduced in australia and some asian countries, but better control is needed. However, leaf litterfall was 20% higher than prior to the. Controlling invasion of the exotic shrub mimosa pigra in.
The dry stems and branches are often collected and utilized as firewood. Controlling invasion of the exotic shrub mimosa pigra in tropical. Insects introduced into australia for the biological control of m. The pink flowers on this phickly stem of mimosa pigra are clustered into small heads.
It is native to the neotropics, but has been listed as one of the worlds 100 worst invasive species and forms dense, thorny, impenetrable thickets, particularly in wet areas. Seven insect species and a fungus have been released in australia for control of this weed and all have established. It is recognized that biological control would be the most costeffective and longterm control method for mimosa pigra. Biological control of giant sensitive plant mimosa pigra l. Thirteen biological control agents have been released in the northern territory. Jun 15, 2014 other taiwanese mimosa species are nodulated mainly by cupriavidus taiwanensis and it has therefore been suggested that the burkholderia strains were introduced to taiwan, along with the invasive m. Biological control of mimosa distribution mimosa mimosa pigra is a thorny shrub native to mexico, central and south america. Rooting out a pesky plant in the zambezi river basin. Mimosaceae, or giant sensitive plant, is a tropical, woody perennial shrub originating from tropical america. Biological control of mimosa pigra and integration with other control options. Phytophagous insects in five orders, 50 families, 101 genera, and 114 species constitute the insect fauna of mimosa pigra l. Potential benefits of using native insects for biological. Mimosa pigra catclaw mimosa the flower head develops into a whorl of flat, segmented pods, each containing from 14 to 21 seeds.
The impact of biological control on the woody weed, mimosa pigra was investigated by comparing litterfall in 20012003 with a previous study performed at the same site, in 19841986, before biological control agents were released, and correlating litterfall to individual agent damage. Tropical life sciences research, 221, 3749, 2011 current status of mimosa pigra l. Mimosaceae, a serious weed of northern australia and asia. Pdf biological control of mimosa pigra and its role in. Summary two biological control agents a rust and a seed feeder released to assist with control of mimosa pigra mimosa in the mid 1990s. Mimosa pudica, commonly known as sensitive plant, is a lowgrowing, creeping, thorny herb. Manual removal takes advantage of unskilled labour and readily available. A computer model is being modified, to take into account the newly discovered spatial aspects of agent attack, which will allow the outcome of various control strategies to be predicted. Mimosa pigra hereafter mimosa is a woody perennial shrub with a.
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